In this bass lesson, you're going to learn the melodic analysis method for figuring out
the key to a song.
Hi, I'm Luke McIntosh and if you want to start learning both the art AND science of
figuring out keys for yourself, make sure you check this one out.
[Video Intro]
This is the 2nd of 3 videos all about different methods of identifying the key of a song.
In the last lesson we talked about the intuitive method which relied almost exclusively on
the ear and it was certainly more art than science.
In this melodic analysis method though, we'll be using the art of figuring out the key,
but this time, we'll actually mix it with concrete information that the song gives us.
It'll give us a nice balance of both the art and science.
So what information are we going to use from the song?
Simple - the melody!
All we're going to do is play the melodies of some different songs and use those notes
to figure out the key.
When we know all the notes of the melody, we'll see if we can figure out what the
key is using our ears and our knowledge of keys.
Sound good?
Perfect!
Let's get to it!
Let's try this with a very simple melody to start with.
Nearly everyone knows Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, right?
It's the same melody as the Alphabet song.
What you might not know was that it was Mozart who originally wrote that melody back in the
day.
So let's say you know how to play that melody [plays melody] Great!
This means we actually have something to work with.
In the first video of this series, we didn't really have anything to work with at all,
but now we have 6 notes.
C, G, A, F, E, and D.
Now there are only 7 notes in a key and this melody has given us 6 notes, so there's
a 6 in 7 chance of the melody being one of these notes.
Those are pretty good odds.
The next questions to ask yourself are, 'Which of these notes feels most stable?
Most at home?
Which one of these notes has the most 'gravity'?'
We're using the information in the melody, but we're still partially using our ears
to uncover the key.
Like I said - we're mixing the art and science of music now.
Let's play through the melody a few more times with this in mind and see what you think.
[plays melody] If we were to stop on all of these notes, would the song feel finished?
Let's try all of them.
Our first note - the C - it feels pretty stable in the context of the melody, but let's
keep going.
What about this G?
If we ended on that note, would it feel super stable?
Does it seem 'at home'?
It's possible.
Let's keep moving on.
What about the A?
Does that feel like that's the most important note in the key?
Probably not.
What about this F?
Again, probably not the key.
If you sang that note against the melody, it wouldn't really work.
[sings F against melody] See what I mean?
What about the next note - this E. Is that a strong candidate?
Potentially.
It could work.
What about the D?
Again, it's probably not the best choice.
It doesn't feel particularly at home or stable.
It feels like it either wants to go up or down and that's not what we want.
We want something that feels like it doesn't want to move at all.
We found 3 potential winners.
The C, the G and the E. Let's sing each of these notes against the whole melody and
see which one sounds the best.
Let's start with the E. So this is our E [hums E] and over the melody, it'll sound
like this.
[plays melody while humming] So to me, this one doesn't seem like it's super strong
- that E just doesn't have a lot of gravity, you know?
So let's move on.
Next, let's try the G.
So it sounds like this [hums a G] and over the melody, it'll sound like this.
[plays melody] This is probably a little bit stronger than the E, but let's try our last
one - the C.
This is our C [hums C] and with the melody.
[hums C over melody] This is so much stronger than either of our other options.
Can you hear on that run down, when we finally get to the C, everything has been leading
us there and when we arrive, everything kind of falls into place.
It's like putting the last piece in a massive jigsaw puzzle - it's deeply satisfying.
This means that we're almost certainly in the key of C. And is it a major key or a minor
key?
We talked about this in the last video of the series - how major keys are 'brighter-sounding'
and minor keys are 'darker-sounding'.
Which one is this?
Is this bright or dark?
It's bright, right?
It's a kid's song - it might be strange if it was in a minor key.
Actually, check this out - if you change the notes in this to be in a minor key, it'll
sound like this.
[plays minor Twinkle Twinkle] Completely different and kind of creepy! [laughs] So the actual
melody [plays melody] is almost certainly in a major key.
And since we've figured out that C is our home base, then that means we're in the
key of C major.
Now if you know the notes in your keys, you'll know that for this melody, we've used C
major.
Why?
Because C major doesn't have any sharps or flats, and we don't have any of those
in this melody.
By the way, if you want a big cheat sheet with all the notes of all your keys on it,
including this one, make sure to download the bonus video Key Certainty: How To Make
Sure You've Picked The Right Key.
That video comes with a PDF with all your keys laid out for you.
It'll be super helpful.
So that's our process.
Figure out the notes of the melody, see which one feels most stable, most 'at home'
and that will probably be the root of the key.
Then ask yourself 'Bright or dark?' and that should tell you if it's a major or
minor key.
Now if you've got a melody that's just one or two notes, this probably isn't going
to help you too much, right?
That's not really enough data to work with, but you'll find most melodies have at least
5 or 6 notes.
Let's do one more example that's not so simple and let's use the Stevie Wonder song
'Isn't She Lovely' and let's just use the first part of the melody as an example.
In case you don't know how it goes, the melody sounds like this.
[plays melody] The notes of the melody are G#, A, G# F#, E, then we get that again with
2 notes added to to - this C# and this B. Now just in these 2 phrases, we've got enough
to figure out the key.
We've got 6 notes in this melody - just like in our last example, but which one is
the home base?
The root of the key?
Well let's try some of these notes out.
Let's start with this G# - it's the first note of the melody, so it's got to be important,
right?
So this is our G# [hums note] and with the whole melody sounds like this.
[plays melody while humming] Ok - that doesn't sound too bad, but it's probably not a slam
dunk yet.
Let's try the next note in the melody, the A. Here's the A [hums] and with the melody.
Hmm - it's probably not this one.
There's too much in there that just doesn't sound good, so let's move on.
What about the F#. [hums and plays melody] Again, this doesn't really work that well
a lot of the time.
What about the E?
[hums and plays melody] OK - this is something that could work really well.
It works better than all the notes we've done so far, so let's keep that in our back
pocket and do the last 2 notes.
What about this C#?
[hums and plays] It's probably not this one, right?
It just doesn't feel great and we only really get that C# as a passing note - not a really
strong melodic note.
OK, last one - that B.
This is the last note of the phrase and sometimes that can be a clue to the key like it was
for Twinkle Twinkle.
So here's the B. [hums and plays] This actually sounds OK, but to me, it doesn't really
feel like home base.
It doesn't feel 100% stable or at home.
Especially when I compare it to the E we kept in our back pocket before.
[hums and plays] This one feels and sounds way better!
If I was going through and picking the note that sounded like the root to me, I'd definitely
be picking that E.
Now is this in the key of E major or E minor?
This one's a little bit tricky, because at the very start of the song, it sounds darker
and gets brighter as you go through.
By the time you get to the end of the phrase though, it's definitely brighter though,
so this song you can say is in the key of E major.
You could also think of this song as being in the relative minor - C# minor, but that's
getting a bit beyond the scope of what we're talking about in this video.
One common problem with figuring out keys to songs is not knowing for sure whether you've
got it right.
In fact, there are 2 super common mistakes that people make when they're trying to
figure out the key of a song, and there's a simple fix for both of them.
If you want to know the solution, I've shot a free bonus video for you called Key Certainty:
How To Make Sure You've Picked The Right Key and in it, you'll learn exactly what
to do to make sure that you've made the right choice with 100% certainty.
To get it, just follow the link in the description, sign up on that page and I'll send it straight
to your email address.
To recap though, you learned how to use the melody analysis method to figure out the key
of a song.
You learned that this mixed the art and science of music and all you had to do was find which
note of the melody sounded most stable - most 'at home'.
This was most likely going to be the root of whatever key the song is in.
Thanks so much for hanging out today - I really appreciate it.
I'm Luke from Become A Bassist - make sure and follow that link in the description and
get that free bonus video.
I'd love to see you in there as well.
Cheers.
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