Hey folks! Great you're wachting again!
Next to me is an old friend
and I don't mean Diesel, who's here too
This is the engine of that Hyundai Coupe
Which we destroyed somewhile ago
I'm not sure if you've seen the video
We replaced the engine oil with cooking oil
and..
Maybe it also suffered a bit before that
The pistonrods came out.. that's a fact
This engine is done
You asked me to dissassemble it
and take a look inside
today seems a good day for an authopsy
We're going to take it apart
take a look inside, see what's broken
and I thought that would be a nice opportunity to explain a bit
about how an engine works
many of you probably know this
but maybe there are people who don't
or maybe you just find it interesting
Let's get started; first take a look on the outside
Take a look overhere for example
Here's a hole which doesn't belong there
and the part you see overhere
That's a pistonrod, that belongs to be inside the engine
it snapped
and because those parts are moving at highspeed
it didn't stop at once
so it punched a hole to the outside
and this is the result
the oilpan
a pin is sticking through, that's not normal
I think a part got under the crankshaft
and that's punched through the oilpan
The part you see overhere
That's the engine
and this part; the gearbox
At first I'm going to remove the gearbox
That's the starter
Here we have the gearbox
I'm not getting into details about it
how it works on the inside
but I will explain a few things on the outside
Overhere were the driveshafts toward the wheels
If I turn this, you'll notice
that one is turning the opposite direction and that's because..
In here is a part, called the differential
that makes it possible to make a proper turn
the wheel on the outside of the corner will travel a longer distance than the wheel on the inside
This is the input shaft
that's where the engine is connected to
see if I turn this
you'll see the shaft toward the wheel also turning
overhere we have this lever
that's the gearselector lever
That's connected with cables or rods to the gearshifter
1st
2nd
3th
4th
5th
and
reverse
for so far the gearbox
Overhere we have the complete engine
with the flywheel, pressure plate
and the clutch plate in between
Let's take it apart to see the separate parts
If somebody says; the clutch is worn out
then it's this one most of the time
the clutch disc
That's overhere against the flywheel
and in this hole comes the input shaft of the gearbox
The clutch plate and the gearbox, that's how it is
The flywheel is turning when the engine is running
The clutch plate doesn't turn
and this one
is fit against it
This is the pressure plate
It has a diaphragm spring, which pressurizes
this disc toward the flywheel
between those is this disc
and that's compressed between those two parts
and then this starts turning
and then the input shaft of the gearbox starts turning
and then you'll start riding as it is in gear
Overhere is a bearing, which presses against the spring
if that one is pressed
The ring will move back
and it will release the clutch disc, that's how it is
You will understand if this plate wears, it will get thinner
This is soft material; the friction material
and it can get so thin
the pressure plate isn't able to compress it anymore
this starts slipping
and then you can't drive anymore
Most of the time if you have your clutch replaced,
they will also replace the pressure plate with it
and also the pressure bearing
we call it the 'clutch set'
Nice! Bye, we don't need that anymore
Let's proceed
The part which I'm removing now
That's the flywheel, it's just a heavy disc
See, that's mounted on the crankshaft, there it is
We see nice teeth overhere
and those are for the starter
Let's get the starter
In here is a small gear
it can move forward
This is an electric motor
Here's a coil
When you're cranking, the coil will move the gear forward
in these teeth and it will crank
Don't need that anymore
This one is the crankshaft pulley
That one rotates if the engine is running
This one drives all these
Don't need that anymore
Bye
Exhaust manifold
4 exhausts ports, for every cylinder 1
1 big one, which is broken
That one goes to the exhaust to the back of the car
Can't do anything with that
exhaust gasket
Watch out Diesel!
The alternator
same as on your bike
rotate
power comes out, to the battery, charging. Great
The oil filter
oil is pumped through the engine
no baking oil normally
runs through that, and that catches all contamination
which is in there by accident
Dirt which slips in there when filling oil
wear particles of the engine
gets stuck in there
so if you replace oil, also replace that one
Is very cheap, maybe 7 euros that thing
The engine is stripped on this side
Let's take off the intake from the other side
Here's the intake manifold
This is the part which was against the engine
From here air will enter the engine
On top we have;
the injectors, which inject fuel
overhere
So what you get here is a flammable mixture entering the engine
On this side;
Here's the throttle valve
Overhere the air goes in
Engine support.. bye
Pulleys
Belts
This asks for another solution
Let's see if it still turns
a hammer
handy
This teethed belt you see overhere;
That is the distribution belt
The crankshaft
overhere the camshaft
and this belt
connects those parts
the crankshaft delivers power
and the camshaft is driven
it's very important that these parts
are proper aligned to eachother
tensioner, no longer needed. Bye
Here it is, the distribution belt, very important
if it snaps when the engine is running
most of the time there will be more damage
than only this belt
This shaft will stop at once
and that crankshaft won't stop that quick
Most of the time it will be connected to the wheels
with the gearbox and the clutch
So it keeps turning and the pistons go like this
Those are moving up and down and overhere is a valve
Help I'm open!
Totally destroyed, you know.. not good
Important to replace this sometimes
Nice.. bye!
What are the main sections of an engine
Below we have the oil pan
Overhere we have the engine block
above is the cylinder head
Overhere we had the distribution belt
So we call it the 'distribution side' of the engine
On the other side was the flywheel
So that's called the 'flywheel side'
then we have the cylinders
This engine has 4 cylinders
and those are numbered from the distribution side
So this is cylinder 1
Cyl. 2
3 and 4
Let's proceed breaking
don't need it
This is the waterpump
Overhere was a pulley which was driven with a belt
if we take a look on the other side
Overthere is an impeller
It's an impeller pump
That impeller is spinning fast
the water goes like this
and it's spun away to the side
The water came from this channel
Is spun away and enters the engine overhere
So this pump is circulating the water
or coolant, most of the time there will be coolant
constantly through the engine and the radiator
So the water extracts heat from the engine
travels to the radiator
there are a lot small channels
runs through there and cools down
the cooled water will enter here and will be circulated again
a waterpump can break down
they're replaced often,
in many cases together with the distribution belt
Overhere is a seal
it will wear, water can leak from here
because this shaft goes through here
and it has a seal on that shaft
what sometimes also happens is that the impeller
breaks loose from the shaft
it looks like everything is fine
But the engine overheats while there is sufficient coolant
and that's because this part isn't running anymore
Nice! On the heap, bye
Overhere I have a part which is worth mentioning.
That's the ignition
Older cars have one coil with a distributor
which distributes the spark over the separate spark plug cables
Today that's solved electronically
There are two coils which
can generate a spark for two cables at the same time
that's the so called 'lost spark'
There must be a spark at the end of the compression stroke
at the transition to the combusiton stroke
But this one also sparks at the transition of the exhaust to intake stroke
Here we can see the total ignition
the two coils,
12 volt enters here
at the top, at the thick wires
there we have.. well.. 10.000 volts?
a lot
Don't touch when the engine is running
You'll get an electric shock
Not fatal, but also not that pleasant
Inside is just a coil, a sort of transformer
I can use this maybe
The valve cover
and underneath; the camshafts
These are camshafts
and they're called that way, because there are cams on them
This is a cam
and that cam presses
on top of the valves, I'll show that later
First I will remove the cylinder head, so we can look inside
and then we can see what's broken!
The head gasket
Overhere we see the cylinders and the pistons
Those holes are the cylinders
and the parts in there
I can hammer it down..
and that's even not the one with the piston rod sticking out
So I think that rod is broken too
But the part I just hammered down is the piston
We have 4 pistons and 4 cylinders
Let's turn the crankshaft and see what happens
I believe it just moved
I expected the pistons would have been fretting
But that didn't happen
I'm not sure if you can see it; but at the bottom are some debris of the piston
The cylinder wall is still good
Before I tear down the rest;
I want to take a look at the cylinder head
The cam shafts
Just showed it, but what happens on the inside?
This is the side which sits on top of the cylinders
Here you see the valves with the spark plug in the middle
See these valves for example
They are down and close those ports
So these are closed
If I start turning, pay attention
Look;
The cam presses on top of these valves
and now they open, you see?
This is the exhaust, so the fumes escape through the valve
Now let's proceed.. the valves close again
Like that
in the meantime you see the other valves also moving
See; now the intake valves are opening for this cylinder
Here they come
Flammable mixture can enter the cylinder now
I don't know if you already seen it
But not all of these valves are moving that nice
in the front
there are two which don't work that well anymore
You can see these don't fit that good
Sometimes the open.. sort of..
but in fact they're open all the time
Those are bend
That's because the piston rod snapped
and that piston struck those valves in open position
and it bend those valves
You see some damage overhere too..
Those are the two pistons which didn't move anymore
The rods snapped and they hit the cylinder head
Now we have clear view on the oil pan. There; a hole
Bang, broken!
Yeah.. yeah
That's not how it should be
This is the lower section of our piston rod
The collection box; build your own engine
That's the rod cap
Look at that; it's gnawed
Nuts and..
Threaded rods and more parts
Wow, this one is even prettier!
Look at that
Overhere is the crankshaft
and this, this sieve
that's the suction tube of the oil pump
There's a pump which circulates the oil through the engine
Or the cooking oil, whatever you put in there
Here's a sieve
and it caught one and another..
That's how it goes
The function of the crankshaft is;
converting a linear motion into a circular motion
as you've seen there are several pistons,
which move up and down
That linear motion is converted
with a crankshaft mechanism
into a rotating movement
that's done by the crankshaft
what's the principle of such an engine?
Overhere we have a cylinder with a piston
We call this a 4 stroke engine
and that's because it has 4 strokes
The 1st stroke; the piston moves down
That's the intake stroke
flammable mixture enters the cylinder
after that the piston moves up
that's the compression stroke
the flammable mixture is compressed
when it's at the top
The spark plug creates a spark
The mixture explodes; bang
the piston is forced down
it delivers force onto the crankshaft so it keeps turning
and we call that the combustion stroke
after that it moves up again
and then it forces the fumes, which are in the cylinder
out through the exhaust port
and that's the exhaust stroke
and it continues from the beginning
and that happens then 4 times
Not all at once of course
But one at the time
So this one has one cylinder every cycle which gives force onto the crankshaft
to make sure the engine runs smooth
and prevent you to feel the seperate strokes
and to prevent it from stalling
is it equipped with a heavy flywheel
which keeps it turning
and that's the principle of a petrol engine
there are also diesel engines, they are different
the big difference is;
There's no flammable mixture in the cylinder
during compression stroke
There's only air
and instead of a sparkplug which delivers a spark
Is there an injector which injects fuel
and then we get a self ignition
Because that piston travels up
and because that air is compressed that quick
The air build up heat.. and that heat
causes the fuel to burn by itself
This one is converted into a 2 cylinder,
those are still working
We see some channels here
some of these are for oil distribution
There's a constant oil flow through the engine, also through the head
It also returns through these channels to the oil pan
Here are some other small channels
Those have another color, they are white
Those are water channels
It's possible here in between
a leak will appear
Overhere was the head gasket
that's a seal between those
it's possible it gets bad and start leaking
and then coolant can go from here..
into the combustion chamber,
which causes white smoke
Or it leaks to the oil channel
and then coolant will go into the oil
and then you will get light colored oil
Looks like coffee with milk
Not good!
Look! The crankshaft
Hmmm... this one is all gnawed!
Time for the reconstruction
Overhere we have;
the crime scene
Crankshaft
Pistons
Piston rods
Broken piston rods
This is a piston and rod in good condition
This is the piston
These are the piston rings
Those seal the cylinder
It moves like this
Here are friction bearings
Very important they get well lubricated
This is a hydrodynamic lubrication
Hydrodynamic means that there's a small layer..
of liquid, motor oil in this case
between the two moving surfaces
those surfaces do not touch
they are floating over eachother
That means; that bearing and crankshaft
don't touch, there's a small notch in between
which is filled with oil
that's an excellent way of lubricating
less wear, no complicated bearings
you don't need roller bearings
those are just friction bearings, like this
This one looks fine.. but this one
looks a bit different
now what happened there..
Not the correct oil was used
So that lubrication wasn't that good
The bearing and crankshaft
started to rub against eachother
and friction causes heat
and when you get a lot of heat
also metal will melt
that's what you do with welding
so what happened; those bearings welded onto the crankshaft
I can show that
Here's one which is seized
it won't come off
The bearing completely seized
completely smeared
welded onto the crankshaft
Nice for that bearing it won't move anymore..
But the rest of the engine wants to keep on going
There's a heavy crankshaft and a heavy flywheel
few cylinders
which are still working.. those two
and then it's survival of the fittest
so that's something like...
crack... broken
and that's when you get this
Those parts broke loose
Got beneath the crankshaft
A few cycles more and they got mangled everyhere
All gnawed
Forced out through the engine block
With a hole as result.. that's how it went
I don't think we're going to repair this engine
The oil pan at the bottom
The bearing caps
The crankshaft
attached to that;
flywheel
clutch plate
pressure plate
gearbox
piston rods
pistons
were inside the engine block
on top of the engine block;
head gasket
on top of that;
cylinder head
with the valves
on top of that;
The valve cover
and there we have the distribution belt
from the camshaft
to the crankshaft
Now, we've inspected this engine careful
and the conclusion is;
It's broken
really broken
FUBAR.. it is
Hey folks! Thanks for watching
if you like this video
give a thumbs up
if you have things...
If you have things you want to have explained;
write a comment and maybe I can make a video about it
If you found it annoying
then also write it in the comments
because then I won't make videos like this anymore
Folks, thanks for watching! See you next time
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