The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) is the fourth generation launch vehicle
developed by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).
The first generation was all-solid four-stage Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-3) and the second
generation was all solid five-stage Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) with strap-ons
and closed loop guidance technologies.
These 2 generation were experimental vehicles.
The third generation launch vehicle is Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), which uses
both solid and liquid technologies has come to stay as the operational vehicle for launching
remote-sensing satellites.
India's most powerful rocket GSLV that is capable of transporting a heavier 4-tonne
communications satellite and described as a "game-changer."
India is aiming for a greater share of the multi-billion-dollar global space market and
to reduce dependency on international launch vehicles.
The GSLV launch vehicle have mainly three variants GSLV mark 1, GSLV mark 2 and GSLV
mark 3.
Let's see the main differences between these GSLV variants.
Let's starts with Height, GSLV mark 1 and GSLV Mark 2 have same height around 49 meter
and GSLV mark 3 is 43.4 meter tall.
The Diameter of GSLV mark 1 and 2 is 2.8 meter and GSLV mark 3 has larger diameter than GSLV
mark 1 and 2, it is around 4 meter.
The Lift off mass of GSLV mark 1 and mark 2 is almost similar, GSLV mark 1 has lift
off mass is 401 tonnes and mark 2 has 414 tonnes but GSLV mark 3 have lift off mass
much greater than first two versions, it is 640 tonnes.
GSLV mark 3 is the heaviest Launch vehicle ever build by Indian space organization ISRO.
Now payload launching capacity of GSLV rocket to Low earth orbit (LEO), This orbit ranges
from 160 km to 2000 km, in this orbit satellite mostly pass over or near the poles.
For one complete revolution around the Earth, satellites in this orbit take around 90 minutes.
The GSLV mark 1 and mark 2 have same capacity of launching payload to low earth orbit, it
is around 5 tonnes.
While GSLV Mark 3 can launch up to 8 tons of payload to low earth orbit.
Now payload launching capacity to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO), This orbit is 35,786
km above sea level.
For one complete revolution around the Earth, satellites in this orbit take around 24 hours.
GSLV mark 1 can launch from 1.5 tons to 2 tons of payload to GTO, although GSLV mark
1 was tested to launch payload up to 2.3 tons to GTO but those launches failed.
The GSLV mark 2 can launch up to 2.5 tonnes of payload to GTO while GSLV mark 3 can launch
up to 4 tonnes of payload to GTO.
All the version of GSLV launch vehicle is 3 stage vehicle.
In the first stage GSLV mark 1 uses S 125 solid rocket motor, here 125 mean it uses
125 tonnes of solid propellant, while GSLV mark 2 uses S 139 solid rocket motor and GSLV
mark 3 uses S 200 solid rocket booster.
In the second stage GSLV mark 1 is powered by a single liquid engine L 37.5 while GSLV
mark 2 is powered by Vikash engine which is derived from PSLV launch vehicle and GSLV
mark 3 is powered by L 110 liquid engine, which uses two improved Vikash engines.
Now Third stage which is a cryogenic stage, GSLV mark 1 uses Russian made KVD 1 cryogenic
engine which has re-startable capability, GSLV mark 2 uses an indigenous CE 7.5 cryogenic
rocket engine and GSLV mark 3 is powered by the Indian developed CE 20 cryogenic engine.
GSLV mark 1 uses 4 liquid strap-on booster L 40, GSLV mark 2 uses 4 high pressure liquid
strap-on booster L 40 H, which is derived from the L 37.5 engine of GSLV mark 1, and
GSLV mark 3 uses two S 200 solid rocket booster.
GSLV mark 1 took the first flight on 18 April 2001, GSLV mark 2 took the first flight on
15 April 2010 and GSLV mark 3 took the first flight on 18 December 2014.
The total no. of launch of GSLV mark 1 is six but out of six launches only 2 launch
was successful and 3 launch was failed with 1 partial launch failure.
The total no. of launch of GSLV mark 2 is 5 but out of 5 launches 4 launch was successful
and only 1 launch was failed and finally, GSLV mark 3 was launched only once, that was
successful launch, but this launch of GSLV mark 3 or LVM3 in 2014 was two stage version
of GSLV mark 3 launcher.
In this flight a non-functional dummy CE-20 cryogenic propulsion engine was used.
The launching cost of each GSLV mark 1 is $33 million and launching cost of each GSLV
mark 2 is $36 million and The Launching cost of each GSLV mark 3 is $40 million.
GSLV mark 1 is retired, while GSLV mark 2 and GSLV mark 3 are currently active.
And finally the Conclusion the GSLV mark 1 and Mark 2 are almost similar with slight
change while GSLV mark 3 far superior than GSLV mark 1 and mark 2.
GSLV mark 3 is game changer for Indian Space launch.
India uses European space agency's Ariane 5 launcher for heavier satellite, which cost
around $95 million per launch.
So GSLV mark 3 is going to save millions of dollars of India.
GSLV mark 3 rocket will be used to carry Indian astronauts to space.
It is expected that India is going to take around 10 to 15 percent of total world's
over $300 billion space market.
Không có nhận xét nào:
Đăng nhận xét