We spend a lot of time visiting other planets and moons,
but other places in the solar system
can also teach us plenty about the history of our neighborhood.
So in 2007, NASA launched the Dawn spacecraft to investigate
the two largest objects in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter:
a giant asteroid called Vesta, and an icy dwarf planet named Ceres.
Dawn was the first mission to orbit something in the asteroid belt,
and the first to orbit two bodies besides Earth.
The mission was supposed to end a year ago,
but NASA voted to keep it going,
and today marks the one-year anniversary of Dawn's extended mission.
In the last decade, Dawn has taught us a lot more about Vesta and Ceres
than we expected, and there are still more discoveries on the way.
Vesta and Ceres were selected as targets
because they're so different from each other.
Vesta is dense and rocky like the planets closer to the sun,
but Ceres is icy like the smaller worlds in the outer solar system.
So visiting both of them was like getting double the science in one mission.
First, Dawn traveled 2.8 billion kilometers to get to Vesta,
where it arrived in 2011.
Before Dawn, we already knew a little about the asteroid
thanks to the Hubble Space Telescope,
like that it has a massive crater on its south pole.
The crater is almost as wide as the asteroid itself.
If Earth had a crater that big relative to its size,
it would fill the entire Pacific Ocean basin.
The crater also has a huge mountain on the edge,
which Dawn eventually confirmed
is about 22 kilometers higher than the surrounding terrain.
That makes it almost three times taller than Mount Everest
and one of the tallest mountains in the entire solar system!
But besides taking some sweet pictures of the crater,
one of Dawn's biggest accomplishments at Vesta
was confirming a hypothesis we had:
that some meteorites we've found on Earth came from Vesta.
Vesta is unusual for an asteroid because it's a lot like a mini-planet.
It has a liquid metal core, a mantle, and a crust made out of lava,
which we were able to figure out using instruments like Hubble,
and we haven't really seen an asteroid like that
anywhere else in our solar system.
About 6% of the meteorites we've collected on Earth
look a lot like they could be from those unique, different layers of Vesta,
and we call them HED meteorites,
or howardite, eucrite, and diogenite meteorites.
Based on their composition,
eucrites could have come from the hardened lava on Vesta's surface,
diogenites could have come from inside the asteroid,
and howardites look like a mix of the two,
which could have happened when Vesta's crater was formed.
And Dawn pretty much confirmed that was right!
Using its different spectrometers,
Dawn confirmed the data we'd measured from farther away was correct,
and Vesta is probably responsible for a whole class of meteorites all by itself.
Which is a pretty big accomplishment for one asteroid!
After 14 months at Vesta,
Dawn packed up its bags and started a 1.5 billion kilometer,
almost three-year journey to the dwarf planet Ceres,
where it arrived in 2015.
And it's been there ever since.
As we were approaching Ceres,
one of the first things we noticed were these bright spots
like big, shiny reflectors stuck all over the surface.
These spots were a huge mystery for a while.
Were they water ice? Clay? Salt? Aliens?
After analyzing how the spots absorbed light,
astronomers concluded they're probably magnesium sulfate,
or as we call it here on Earth, Epsom salt.
So you can think of that the next time you're preparing
to drink an Epsom salt laxative.
The salt deposits were probably created
when asteroids smashed into Ceres' surface,
exposing the salt-filled ice that was hidden beneath.
Then, the exposed ice turned into a vapor,
and the salt deposits were left behind.
We suspected from previous research that Ceres had a lot of water ice,
but Dawn helped confirm that during its other observations.
And the ice seems like it's everywhere,
even if it's hiding underneath the surface.
But this February, Dawn found something that we didn't expect:
organic molecules, which are the building blocks of life.
Although it couldn't detect exactly what the molecules were,
the spacecraft observed tar-like compounds
made of carbon and hydrogen on Ceres' surface
in an area of about 1000 square kilometers.
Because the concentration of molecules is so high,
it seems unlikely that the molecules came from an outside source
like an asteroid impact,
since the impact usually scatters molecules all over the place.
Instead, they probably formed from water and heat based
chemical reactions on Ceres,
which could mean it used to have a warm, watery environment.
We might investigate that more in the future,
but for now, Dawn's main job in its extended mission
is to give us a clearer picture of Ceres' surface and composition.
When cosmic rays from the Sun hit Ceres,
they create radiation and neutrons that Dawn can use
to identify the different molecules on and even underneath the surface.
Dawn did a lot of this during its mission,
but since we've got some extra time,
we're hoping to get the clearest data we can.
The mission will officially end when Dawn runs out of fuel,
which could happen around the end of 2018.
After that, it'll probably just keep orbiting Ceres,
like a permanent little travel buddy.
But we've already found a lot,
and we'll be sure to keep you updated on any exciting discoveries in the future!
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Space,
and thanks especially to our patrons on Patreon
who help make this show possible.
If you want to help us keep making episodes like this,
you can go to patreon.com/scishow to learn more.
For more infomation >> What We've Learned from the Dawn Mission So Far - Duration: 5:12.-------------------------------------------
170630 [ENGSUB] ASTRO M-Big News Interview, "Rocky is a not-so maknae?" - Duration: 2:31.
MJ: Kiss~
[MJ, The oldest/big Brother]
[Jinjin, 2nd son]
[Eunwoo, 3rd son]
[Moonbin, 4th son] [Rocky, the Maknae]
SH: Please love ASTRO a lot~!
[Sanha, Real Maknae]
[Your team's intro has changed...]
JJ: So suddenly we changed it...
[Mbig News x ASTRO] [BABY's DREAM of dream]
JJ: Wanna Be Your Star! AST: Hello, we're ASTRO!
JJ: Our title song <Baby> has a base of Tropical House,
JJ: and is a story of a guy liking a girl and showing small gestures one by one,
JJ: The point of the song is the cute lyrics in it!
[Appearance of a Baby doll to lighten up the mood!]
AST: Waaa~ MJ: Thank you!
MJ: Seems like it wants to have a talk battle with me. It will speak more than me!
AST: It'll be intense! XD
[Q: The member who is like a baby in reality?]
EW: Why you don't point him(Rocky)? MJ: Ah!!
[Himself also flustered]
EW: He's the one of the youngest member, yet why he becomes very manly?
[This is the Hyungs' wish~!]
RC: Noona-yah~!
RC: "I have a person that I really like, and I keep it secret for myself"
RC: SWEG
[Q: What is the story line in the M/V?]
EW: It's all happened in a dream, I appeared first if you hear <Baby>,
EW: As soon you walked in, we all have our own bottles and colors.
EW: As AROHA bought the drink from ASTRO, our dreams will link!
EW: The more you see us, the more you'll lost (?)
[Bang~!]
[Q: What was your childhood dreams?]
SH: My dream was to be a soccer player when I was in elementary school.
JJ: You should do that! MB: You did a great job (being here)~
MJ: I really want to be a president when I was a kid.
[Won't it be a big trouble...?]
[We'll move out from this country...]
EW: I always changed it...
EW: Member of Parliament! Prosecutor! Soccer player! An announcer!
MJ: Be all! Be all~!
[Q: What is ASTRO's current dream?]
JJ: My dream is to produce and make lyrics for ASTRO's upcoming album!
MB: What I wrote is, "Being healthy always and don't get sick."
MB: Also, we finished our concert well!
MB: Our 1st concert will be at Olympic Stadium on 15th and 16th July 2017!
SH: After we finished this album's promotions, ASTRO will shoot beverage commercials!
[Beverage companies, please scout me~!]
JJ: Yeah, all M-Big viewers! Please listen to our recent album many times!
JJ: Thank you for stay tuned with ASTRO!
JJ: Until now! AST: Wanna be Your Star, It's ASTRO! Thank you!
AST: Bye bye! Good bye~!
[Subs and Timing by Kang Kohie]
-------------------------------------------
Romantischer geht's nicht: SO machte GZSZ-Jörn den Antrag! - Duration: 3:13.
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So wait; indeed we, along with you, are waiting - Duration: 0:44.
Say, "Never will we be struck except by what Allah has decreed for us; He is our protector.
And upon Allah let the believers rely.
Say, "Do you await for us except one of the two best things
while we await for you that Allah will afflict you with punishment from Himself or at our hands
So wait; indeed we, along with you, are waiting.
-------------------------------------------
Regisseur Detlev Buck: So lief Stefanie Giesingers Filmdebüt - Duration: 0:52.
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Nach süßer Baby-Offenbarung: So erleichtert ist Sarah Nowak! - Duration: 0:40.
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CHINA is afraid of INDIA so it want Indian troops move out of LAC - Duration: 3:33.
Hello Everyone This is World Conspiracy Daily
WC Daily
India Warns China over the Road Construction in Bhutan's Territory Which is Ally of India
India warned China on Friday that construction of a road near their common border would have
serious security implications, as China's Foreign Ministry denied its troops had violated
the territory of India's ally Bhutan.
The stand-off on a plateau next to the mountainous Indian state of Sikkim, which borders China,
has ratcheted up tension between the two neighbouring giants, who share a 3,500 km (2175 miles)
frontier, parts of which are disputed.
According to the Chinese interpretation of events, Indian guards crossed into China's
Donglang region early in June and obstructed work on a road on a plateau.
Troops from the two sides then confronted each other close to a strategic valley controlled
by China that separates India from Bhutan and gives China access to the so-called Chicken's
Neck, a thin strip of land that connects India to its remote northeastern regions.
Bhutan said on Thursday that the road was being built inside its territory.
Indian media have reported that the dispute began when China removed an old Indian bunker.
"India is deeply concerned at the recent Chinese actions and has conveyed to the Chinese Government
that such construction would represent a significant change of status quo with serious security
implications for India," India's ministry of external affairs said in a statement.
"It is essential that all parties concerned display utmost restraint and abide by their
respective bilateral understandings not to change the status quo unilaterally," the ministry
said.
Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Lu Kang said the road work was going on in an area
that was on the Chinese not Bhutanese side.
China and Bhutan have yet to reach a
final agreement
on demarking their border.
So what do you think of India Warning China
and China Warning India ?
Remembering the 1962 wor
Post you Comments below And if you like this Video please Give a Thumbs-Up
And follow us on Social Networks
And Subscribe to our Channel And Thanks for Watching
This is WC Daily Think Big Think Different
Bye
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Das ist Amore: So schwärmt Neu-Papa Nevio Passaro von Baby! - Duration: 0:47.
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Alkoholtest: So betrunken sind die Besucher am Openair St.Gallen - Duration: 4:13.
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Blitz-Schwangerschaft: So erfuhr Sarah Nowak von Wunsch-Baby - Duration: 1:36.
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Summer means mosquitoes, so where are the bugs? - Duration: 1:28.
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Emotionale Überraschung: So war "UU"-Maltes letzter Drehtag - Duration: 1:51.
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NOT SO RI$H MOM IN ROBLOX! - Duration: 13:59.
Me: Finally
krystal: srry it took a long time I ate
me:ok school is over
krystal: ik
krystal: lets go
krystal: is that ur car
me: yea
krystal: XD
me: XD
krystal: I like ur car more then mine
krystal: we still need a mom
me: yes
me: lets just go to someones house
krystal: ok
krystal: XD
krystal: to fast
me: go extra fast
krystal: ok
krystal: idk hashtags XD
krystal: (oh) Eeeeeeeeee ... (XD)
me:XD (why me why)
*car flip over cause crazy driver XD*
me and krystal: XD
krystal: stuck
me: green house
krystal: spawn ur car
*woman comes for no reson* (I think shes the owner)
me:Hi
???: will you be my kid
krystal: and me?
me:sure
krystal: *sad face :c* Me:XD
krystal: me to
me: u too
???: ok
krystal: were sisters
*THERE TAKEING MY CAR*
krystal: YEA YOU BETTER SAY YES
mom: ok
me & krystal: XD
mom: yes
*walk's in not so ri$h house*
me: we poor or something (yes yes we are)
mom: no (LIES LIES I TELL YOU)
krystal:XD
Me: oh
me: XD
me: NO tv (THIS IS HORRIBLE HORRIBLE I TELL YOU)
me: shocked face (I will react the same way)
krystal: IKR XD
me: yes we are
NOT RI$H MOM: follow me
me:wow
me: purple plz (I DONT LIVE WHITOUT PURPLE)
krystal:PURPLE (THATS THE SPIRIT)
me; WE POOR
mom: no -_- Krystal: I'm ri$h (Me too me too)
me: we need big beds
me: these are cheap
mom: I am rich (NO YOU ARE NOT)
krystal: me too
me: and I saw a floating lamp whitout a table (AWESOME BUT NOT RICH)
krystal: I was going to say I can be mom but nvm (PLEASE)
mom: lets get dinner
krystal: ok
me: I don't think ur ri$h krystal:cmon
krystal: me too
me: see
krystal: oh
*puts new name NOT RISH MOM
krystal: XD
krystal: XD
me: oh
me: yea the name
me: XD
*BEAP*
*fixing name*
krystal: XD
krystal: EXTRA supper fast
mom: ok
me: yea
me: I have (something something) money
*trying to say how much I got*
me: YAY
*MENU*
*eating*
me:so not ri$h mom do we have a dad?
mom: lets go home (WOW RUDE NOT RICH MOM)
me: ok
krystal:lets bug her so we can live alone
krystal: and I be mom
krystal: XD
me: XD
mom: lets go home
krystal: hehehe
me: ok
me: mom
me:mom
me: mom
me: mom!!
mom; you to have school to
me: Mom
krystal: ik
me: MOM (A lot of times X)
me:mom
krystal: XD
Me: MOM
krystal: tags?
me:mom
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