One hundred years ago,
an armistice brought an end to four years of war
that led to the deaths of more than
16 million soldiers and civilians.
This ceasefire was intended to mark
the end of "the war to end all wars,"
but its promise remains elusive.
As the world meets in Paris to mark the
centennial of this armistice, we need
to learn from the tragedies of the
20th century and apply those lessons
to the threats from cyber weapons that
we confront today.
In this edition of "Today in Technology," we head to
Europe, and sacred ground so marked
by the scars of battle, it was called
"No Man's Land."
We are in the large Douaumont cemetery,
which is a massive cemetery for the
graves of French soliders.
This is truly France's largest memorial cemetery
for the battle of Verdun.
The battle of Verdun is a tremendous
memory, a tremendous trauma,
and for France, it is truly the mother of all battles.
There were 300,000 dead,
including 160,000 French dead
and 140,000 German dead,
a large portion of whom are still
on the battlefield because they
disappeared into the earth somewhere.
Verdun would then be established as
a general historical reference.
Very often, when we talk about another battle,
we say, "its a Verdun."
World War I began when governments failed to adapt
to a changing world and diplomacy between nations collapsed.
As if on autopilot, governments across Europe
headed into battle rather than to the negotiating table.
Many thought it would be a short and even glorious war.
When the battle began,
it was a battle between men,
but it was also a battle where artillery played an important role.
It became a battle between men and machines.
World War I began as an infantry war,
meaning men, or cavalries, fighting each other.
Very quickly it became a mechanical war,
it became an industrial war.
The major factor in the war of 1914-1918
was the industry behind it,
that is, all the industrial progress:
artillery, gases, air forces,
machine guns that would progress considerably.
The majority of casualties in Verdun
not die in hand-to-hand combat.
They were killed by artillery.
So this industrial war, what was the impact on
civilians who lived in the area?
In Paris, there were many bombardments
that killed huge numbers of civilians.
ln Romania 75% of those killed were civilians.
In Serbia, it was the civilians who died en masse.
The First World War was truly disruptive,
both demographic in terms of residents,
but even more so, disruptive in people's minds.
When the war ended, the treaties that followed focused
on strengthening democracies and
international cooperation.
But instead, weapons and militarization advanced
while human institutions failed to keep pace.
Ovet he next two decades, biplanes became bombers.
and an experiment in trenches became tanks.
But democracies weakened, multilateralism
withered and the League of Nations died.
Just 21 years after the
Armistice, a geopolitical fire erupted
into another war that would envelop
Europe, kill even more civilians and
literally sweep the world.
With the vantage point in history, what were
the causes of World War I?
First of all,
no one imagined that the war would start.
Even though, when we look at it today,
we can see that everything was poised for this war.
We can see, for example, that in Europe,
armament had escalated tremendously.
Do you see any similarities between 1914 and today?
You can get the same anxiety when you see
the rapid progression of armaments in the world.
We are exactly in the same situation
of arms progression as between 1910 and 1913.
Today, a new generation of
technology has created a new era of
cyberweapons that threatens civilians
with indiscriminate attacks on the
digital infrastructure that powers our
economies and everyday lives.
Last year nearly a billion people were
victims of cyberattacks, including
attacks that shut down hospitals,
interfered with democratic elections, and
forced small businesses to close their doors.
As was the case after World War I,
technology is racing forward.
Now the challenge is for human institutions
to keep pace. The world needs to do
better than it did a century ago.
Doing better this century will require
collective action, quickly, not just
by governments and countries, but
by tech companies, the business community,
NGOs, and civil society.
It will require that we heed the voices of the
citizens of the world, people who
are making clear their support for a
world made safe for digital peace.
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