5 Ancient Inventions Science Can't Explain
For the most part, technology has continued improving in a linear fashion for thousands
of years.
However, ancient cultures have left many relics and structures that seem a little too advanced
for their respective eras.
Even to this day, some of the greatest ancient creations cannot be explained by scientists.
Hi.
I am Mister Mysterious and today I'll be telling you about five of the most mysterious
ancient inventions that are still unexplained.
We will be taking a look at astonishing artifacts that mirror the splendor of ancient minds.
Be prepared to rethink about how you imagine our ancestors as well as ancient civilizations.
FIVE: Ancient Flexible Glass
The history of glassmaking can be traced back to 3,500 BCE in Mesopotamia.
Ever since that time, we know glass as a very fragile substance.
However, there is a story connected to ancient Romans that talks about a type of glass that
isn't only unbreakable but has the power to absorb damage.
This invention is tied to the Roman Emperor Tiberius Caesar as well as to an unknown craftsman
who brought a drinking bowl made of flexible glass to the Emperor.
However, Tiberius wasn't impressed with the bowl and tried to break it by throwing
it to the ground.
However, instead of shattering, the mysterious material dented.
The craftsman then repaired the bowl with a small hammer.
After the inventor swore that he alone knew the technique of manufacture, Tiberius Caesar
had the man beheaded, fearing that such material could undermine the value of gold and silver.
Some believe that this is just an ancient urban legend because the story sounds too
good to be true.
However, Roman glassmaking was so advanced that some of its achievements couldn't be
replicated until the 18th century.
Some of the best-known innovations from around that period include colorless glass, window
panes, and glass mosaics.
FOUR: The Antikythera Mechanism
More than a hundred years ago, an extraordinary mechanism was found by divers at the bottom
of the sea near the Greek island of Antikythera.
This mechanism was found in a wooden box and it was composed of at least 30 meshing bronze
wheels.
The wheels used to run a system that displayed the date, positions of the sun and moon, lunar
phases, a 19-year calendar and a 223-month eclipse prediction dial.
In other words, this was an analog computer of great complexity.
No other machine of known existence shows a similarity in advanced engineering for at
least another 1,000 years.
Experts have been working to decipher inscriptions hidden inside the mechanism.
It was discovered that there was a pointer on the front that carried colored balls: fiery
red for Mars, gold for the Sun.
The only thing we know about this device is that the ancient Greeks used complex arrangements
of precisely cut wheels to keep track of their surroundings.
They came to believe that nature worked according to predefined rules, like a machine – which
is an approach that forms the basis of our modern scientific views.
THREE: Baghdad's Batteries
War can destroy more than a nation, an army or a leader.
Culture, tradition, and history also lie in the firing line and often suffer during war
times.
Iraq is one of the countries with a rich national heritage that was often plagued by wars.
The Garden of Eden and the Tower of Babel are said to have been located in this ancient
land.
However, there is one ancient artifact that goes against everything we think we know about
our history.
It was in 1938, while working in Khujut Rabu, near Baghdad, that German archeologist Wilhelm
Koning unearthed a five-inch-long clay jar containing a copper cylinder that encased
an iron rod.
The object showed signs of corrosion, and early tests revealed that an acidic agent
had been present.
For Koning, this was an ancient battery.
More than 70 years after their discovery, the batteries of Baghdad – as there are
perhaps a dozen of them – are still shrouded in mystery.
Some have suggested the batteries may have been used medicinally.
Other scientists believe the batteries were used for electroplating – transferring a
thin layer of metal onto another metal surface.
This idea is perhaps the most interesting since at its core lies the mother of many
inventions: money.
Perhaps this invention was used in the making of jewelry, where a layer of gold or silver
is often applied to enhance its beauty in a process called gilding.
Either way, it seems like we'll never know the truth behind this intriguing innovation.
TWO: Zhang Heng's Seismoscope
Throughout the ancient times, the Chinese were concerned with the destructive force
of earthquakes.
They weren't aware of tectonic plates and they believed that earthquakes were disturbances
with cosmic yin and yang.
However, one inventor had his own ideas about this destructive force of nature.
One of the first and one of the most efficient earthquake-detection instruments was invented
almost 1900 years ago in ancient China.
The device was invented by the Eastern Han philosopher and court official Zhang Heng.
The seismoscope was about six-feet-tall and resembled a large bronze urn with eight tubes
shaped as dragons' heads.
Surrounding the device were four bronze toads positioned in four directions.
Thanks to its internal pendulum and bronze balls, the device's internal mechanism would
swing in the event of an earthquake.
This would raise one of the dragons' heads and push the bronze balls out of the dragon's
mouth into the mouth of a bronze toad.
This would create a very loud sound, which served as a warning alarm.
Today, we know very little about how Zhang Heng managed to materialize his biggest invention.
We only know that the device was very advanced for the time of its creation as well as that
it gives accurate results and warnings almost two millennia later.
ONE: The Iron Pillar of Delhi
In the Qutb complex of Delhi stands one of the most curious metal objects in the world
– the so-called Iron Pillar of Delhi.
This object does not seem to rust, despite being over a thousand years old.
The height of the pillar is about 23 feet.
The base rests on a grid of iron bars soldered into the upper layer of the dressed stone
pavement.
It is estimated to weigh more than six tons.
While several inscriptions are found on the pillar, the oldest one is a six-line stanza
Sanskrit inscription.
The name Chandra is mentioned in the third verse, forcing scholars to believe that the
pillar was made during the reign of Chandragupta II.
One of the most interesting qualities of this pillar is its resistance to corrosion.
One of the theories suggests that there is a co-relation between the processing, structure,
and properties of the pillar's iron.
In other words, this pillar is a living testimony to the skill of metallurgists of ancient India.
Even today, we can't produce the same kind of iron, even though we have multiple ways
to protect metal objects from corrosion.
What do you think about these mysterious ancient inventions?
Do we really know our civilization's history as we claim we do?
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As always, thank you for watching.
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